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TRAILL, Catharine Parr

Naissance
Rotherhithe, London, England, 1802
Décès
Lakefield, Ontario, 1899
Notice biographique
As her father had an intellectual bent, Catherine Parr Traill (née Strickland) was encouraged to be resourceful, knowledgeable and self-reliant from a very young age. Her mother schooled her in the "womanly arts," but her father also ensured that she had a solid grounding in mathematics, history and geography. She made her own toys, kept a small garden and pets, and engaged in philosophical debates with her father. After his death, she began writing to supplement the family income and had her first work of fiction published at the age of fifteen. She married Lieutenant Thomas Traill in 1832, much to her family's disdain, and they immigrated to Canada shortly after, eager to escape their life of genteel poverty in England. She continued to publish in Canada, authoring her most famous work, "The Backwoods of Canada." The couple's fortunes did not improve, however, and they continued to move around Ontario searching for new opportunities. After teaching in Peterborough, Traill continued to write stories, sketches of nature, and autobiographical narratives, desperately searching for markets in England, the United States, and the Canadas. However, her artistic endeavours were frequently interrupted for long periods of time due to the birth of nine children, two of whom died in infancy. Her work, "Forest Gleanings" (1852-53) included some of her sketches, and she wrote the text for her niece, Agnes Fitzgibbon's, botanical study, "Canadian Wildflowers" (1868). Although financial difficulties and illness plagued her long life, she received some recognition in old age including tributes from historical societies in Toronto and Peterborough, a pension from the Royal Literary Fund in England, and a testimonial organized by her old friend Sir Sandford Fleming.
Médias
Drawing
Painting
Lieux de conservation des dossiers et archives
Trent University Archives, ON
National Gallery of Canada, ON - Library and Archives
Canadian Museum of Civilization Archives, QC
Canadian Women Artists History Initiative Documentation Centre, QC
Library and Archives Canada / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, ON
BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Documents sur l'artiste
"Book Notices: Studies of Plant Life in Canada." Week 12 Feb. 1895: 171.
"Literary Notes." Globe (Toronto) 7 Feb. 1885.
"Portrait." Maclean's 95 (23 Aug. 1982): 52.
"Postage Stamps for the National Library of Canada's 50th Anniversary." Canadian NewsWire (Ottawa) 8 Sept. 2003: 1.
Aalders, Cynthia Yvonne. Catharine Parr Traill: A grounded spirituality Vancouver: Regent College, 2001.
Ainley, Marianne Gosztonyi. "Science in Canada's Backwoods: Catharine Parr Traill." Natural Eloquence: Women Reinscribe Science Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
Allodi, Mary. "Two Gentlewomen of Upper Canada." Rotunda 10 (Summer 1977).
Ballstadt, Carl. Catharine Parr Traill and her works Downsview, Ontario: ECW Press, 1984.
Ballstadt, Carl P. A. "Catharine Parr Traill (1802-1899)." ECW's Biographical Guide to Canadian Novelists Toronto: ECW Press, 1993.
Ballstadt, Carl, et al. "Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill." http://www.collectionscanada.ca/moodie-traill/index-e.html Library and Archives Canada, ?.
Berger, Carl. "God." Science, God, and Nature in Victorian Canada Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983: 31-50.
Burnham, Hampden. "Gable Ends: Mrs. Traill." Canadian Magazine 4 (Nov.1894-Apr.1895): 388-90.
Cole, Jean M. "Catharine Parr Traill - Botanist." Portraits: Peterborough Area Women Past and Present Woodview, Ontario: Portraits Group, 1975.
Colgate, William. Canadian Art, its Origin and Development Toronto: Ryerson, 1943.
Collard, E. "Flowers to heal and comfort: Mrs. Traill's books for collectors." Canadian Collector 13 (May-Jun. 1978): 32-36.
Colombo, John Robert. Colombo's Canadian References Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Crosson, Selena M. Pilgrim sisters: Exploring female friendship in Upper Canada in the life of Frances Stewart (1794-1872) Peterborough: Trent University, 2005.
Crowder, Adele and Vivien Taylor. "Mrs. Traill, Mrs. Roy and Miss Boyd: Plant Collectors in 19th Century Upper Canada." W. D. Jordan Special Collections Occasional Paper No. 1, Queen's University Library Kingston: Queen's University Library, 2003.
Dahl, Edward H. Mid Forests Wild: A study of the concept of wilderness in the writings of Susanna Moodie, J.W.D. Moodie, Catharine Parr Traill and Samuel Strickland, c.1830-1855 Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, 1973.
Dando, Susan and Charlotte Gray. Sisters in the wilderness: The lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill [motion picture] Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 2004.
Delgado, Ana Beatriz. "Paradigms of Canadian Literary Biography: Who Will Write Our History?" Prose Studies (United Kingdom) 27.2 (2005): 330-343.
Dickenson, Victoria. First Impressions: European Views of the Natural History of Canada from the 16th to the 19th Century Kingston: Agnes Etherington Art Centre, 1992.
Dignam, Mary Ella. "Canadian Women in the Development of Art." Women of Canada: Their Life and Work Toronto: National Council of Women of Canada, 1900.
Downie, Mary A. "Consulting Catharine Parr Traill: a writer turns to a pioneering Canadian botanist to get to know her cottage wild flowers." Imperial Oil Review 86.445 (Summer 2002): 2.
Eaton, Sara. Lady of the backwoods: a biography of Catharine Parr Traill Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1969.
Finlayson, Carolyn. The habit of close observation: an ecocritical investigation of Catharine Parr Traill's nature writing in "Studies of plant life in Canada" Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.
Fleming, Robert. "Supplementing self: A postcolonial quest(ion) for (of) national essence and indigenous form in Catharine Parr Traill's 'Canadian Crusoes.'" Essays on Canadian Writing 56 (Fall 1995): 198.
Floyd, Janet. Writing the Pioneer Woman Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2002.
Floyd, Janet. "'I am a Gleaner': Catharine Parr Traill and Forest Gleanings." British Journal of Canadian Studies 17.1 (2004): 93.
Fowler, Marian. The Embroidered Tent : Five Gentlewomen in Early Canada, Elizabeth Simcoe, Catharine Parr Traill, Susanna Moodie, Anna Jameson, Lady Dufferin Toronto: House of Anansi Press, 1982.
Gates, Barbara T. and Ann B. Shteir. Natural eloquence: Women reinscribe science Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
Gerson, Carole. "Nobler Savages: Representations of Native Women in the Writings of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill." Journal of Canadian Studies 32.2 (1997): 5-21.
Goldman, Marlene and Joanne Saul. "Talking with Ghosts: Haunting in Canadian Cultural Production." University of Toronto Quarterly 75. 2 (Spring 2006): 645-655.
Grady, Wayne. Bright Stars, Dark Trees, Clear Water: Nature writings from north of the border Boston: David R. Godine, 1999.
Gray, Charlotte. Sisters in the Wilderness: The lives of Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill Toronto: Viking, 1999.
Gray, Charlotte. "Wild at Heart." Canadian Geographic 119.6 (Sept-Oct. 1999): 44-51.
Guillet, Edwin Clarence. Pioneer Arts and Crafts Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1968.
Guillet, Edwin Clarence. The Valley of the Trent Toronto: Champlain Society, 1957.
Halpenny, Francess G. Dictionary of Canadian Biography, 1901-1910 Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966.
Harper, J. Russell. Painting in Canada: A History Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966, 2nd edition 1977.
Hume, Blanche. The Strickland Sisters Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1929.
Huneault, Kristina. I'm Not Myself at All: Women, Art, and Subjectivity in Canada Montreal; Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2018.
Ivits, Shantel. Traill ale for the Trent soul Belleville, Ontario: Seraphine, 2004.
James, Suzanne. Gathering up the Threads: Generic and discursive patterns in Catharine Parr Traill's The backwoods of Canada Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2006.
James, Suzanne. "The 'Indians' of Catharine Parr Traill's 'The Backwoods of Canada.'" The Rhetoric of Canadian Writing. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2002.
Johnston, Judith. "Woman's Testimony': Imperialist Discourse in the Professional Colonial Travel Writing of Louisa Anne Meredith and Catharine Parr Traill." Australian and New Zealand Studies in Canada 11 (Jun. 1994): 34-55.
Kröller, Eva-Marie. "Resurrections: Susanna Moodie, Catharine Parr Traill and Emily Carr in Contemporary Canadian Literature." Journal of Popular Culture 15.3 (1981): 39-46.
Lennox, John. "'Speech Attempted' - and Won." American Review of Canadian Studies 28.1-2 (1998): 157-166.
Light, Beth and Alison Prentice, eds. Pioneer and Gentlewomen of British North America 1713-1867 Toronto: New Houston Press, 1980.
Lischke-McNab, Ute and David McNab. "Petition from the Backwoods." Beaver 308.1 (1977): 52-57.
MacCallum, Elizabeth. "Catharine Parr Traill: A Nineteenth-Century Ontario Naturalist." Beaver 306.2 (1975): 39-45.
MacIntyre, Christine Anne. Turn-of-the-century Canadian women writers and the "New Woman" Ottawa: University of Ottawa, 1996.
MacLulich, T. D. "Crusoe in the backwoods: a Canadian fable?" Mosaic 9 (Winter 1976): 115-26.
Mallory, E. "Pioneer Naturalist, Catharine Parr Traill." Canadian Audubon 27 (Mar-Apr. 1965): 42-45.
Marsh, James H, ed. Canadian Encyclopedia Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1988.
Martin, Carol. Catharine Parr Traill: Backwoods Pioneer Toronto: Groundwood Books, Douglas & McIntyre, 2004.
McKendry, Blake. A to Z of Canadian Art: Artists and Art Terms Kingston: B. McKendry, 1997.
McKenzie, Ruth. "Fanny Amelia Bayfield (Wright)." Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Ottawa: Libraries and Archives Canada, 2008
http://www.biographi.ca/en/.
McMullen, Lorraine. Pioneering Women: Short stories by Canadian women: beginnings to 1880 Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1993.
Montgomery, L. M. et al. Courageous Women Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1934.
Morgan, H. J., ed. Types of Canadian Women and of women who have been connected with Canada Toronto: W. Briggs, 1903.
Morgan, Henry J. Sketches of Celebrated Canadians, and Persons Connected with Canada Quebec: Hunter, Rose and Co, 1862.
National Archives of Canada, National Library of Canada. Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.
National Library of Canada. Canadiana Authorities Ottawa: National Library of Canada, ?.
Needler, G. H. "The Otonabee Trio of Women Naturalists: Mrs. Stewart - Mrs. Traill - Mrs. Moodie." Canadian Field-Naturalist 60 (Sept-Oct. 1946): 97-101.
Partridge, F. G. "Stewarts and the Stricklands, the Moodies and the Traills." Ontario Library Review 40 (Aug. 1956): 179-81.
Peterman, Michael. "In search of Agnes Strickland's sisters." Canadian Literature 121 (Summer 1989): 115.
Peterman, Michael A. My old friend the Otonabee: glimpses by Samuel Strickland, Catharine Parr Traill & Susanna Moodie Peterborough: Peterborough Historical Society, 1999.
Peterman, Michael A. "'Splendid Anachronism': The Record of Catharine Parr Traill's Struggles as an Amateur Botanist in Nineteenth-Century Canada." Re(dis)covering our foremothers:nineteenth-century Canadian women writers Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1990.
Peterman, Michael A. "Catharine Parr Traill." Canadian Writers before 1890 Detroit: Thomson Gale, 1990.
Peterman, Michael A. and Janet B. Friskney. "'Booming' the Canuck Book: Edward Caswell and the promotion of Canadian writing." Journal of Canadian Studies 30.3 (1995): 60-90.
Robbins, John Everett, ed. Encyclopedia Canadiana Ottawa: Canadiana Company of Canada, Grolier Society of Canada, 1957.
Roberts, Katherine A. "Discours de la féminité dans 'The Backwoods of Canada' de Catharine Parr Traill et 'Roughing It in the Bush' de Susanna Moodie." Tangence 62 (Apr. 2000): 34-49.
Sampson, Margaret Virginia. Building Nation, Writing Self: The Autobiographical Writings of Anna Jameson, Susanna Moodie, and Catharine Parr Traill Halifax: Dalhousie University, 1992.
Schieder, R. "Quest for 'Crusoes'." Books in Canada 12 (Mar. 1983): 4, 6-7.
Schieder, Rupert. "Catharine Parr Traill: Three Bibliographical Questions." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada 24 (1985): 8-25.
Shteir Ann B. Flora's Fieldworkers: Women and Botany in Nineteenth-Century Canada Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2022.
Sparrow, Fiona. "'This Place Is Some Kind of a Garden': Clearings in the Bush in the Works of Susanna Moodie, Catharine Parr Traill, Margaret Atwood and Margaret Laurence." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 25.1 (1990): 24-41.
Stanzel, Franz K. "Innocent Eyes? Canadian Landscape as seen by Frances Brooke, Susanna Moodie and others." International Journal of Canadian Studies 4 (1991): 97-109.
Stefaniak, Lisa. "Botanical Gleanings: Susan Fenimore Cooper, Catharine Parr Traill and the Representation of Flora." Susan Fenimore Cooper: New Essays on Rural Hours and Other Works Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia, 2001.
Steffler, Margaret and Neil. "If We Would Read It Aright: Traill's 'Ladder to Heaven'." Journal of Canadian Studies 38.3 (Fall 2004): 123-152.
Stott, Jon C. and Raymond E. Jones. Canadian Books for Children: A Guide to Authors and Illustrators Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Canada, 1988.
Thom, Molly. The Bush-Ladies in Their Own Words: Susanna Moodie, Catharine Parr Traill, Anne Langton, Anna Jameson Victoria: Scirocco Drama, 2000.
Thomas, C. "Journeys to Freedom." Canadian Literature 51 (Winter 1972): 11-19.
Thomas, Clara. "The Strickland Sisters." The Clear Spirit: Twenty Canadian Women and their Times Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966.
Thompson, Elizabeth. "Illustrations for 'The Backwoods of Canada'." Studies in Canadian Literature 19.2 (1994): 30-56.
Thompson, Elizabeth Helen. The Pioneer Woman: A Canadian character type Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press, 1991.
Tunnell, Arthur L. and Charles G.D. Roberts, eds. Canadian Who Was Who, 1875-1933 Toronto: Trans Canada Press, 1938.
Vahabzadeh, Peyman. "This Elusive Land: Women and the Canadian Environment." Canadian Journal of Sociology 31.1 (Winter 2006): 150-54.
Westerhout, Lynn and Liz Milkau. Making it Home: The story of Catharine Parr Traill Toronto: Napoleon, 2004.
Wilson, James Grant and John Fiske, eds. Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography New York: D. Appleton and Co, 1887-89.

Documents rédigés par l'artiste
Fitzgibbon, Agnes and Catherine Parr Strickland Traill. Canadian Wild Flowers: Painted and Lithographed Montreal: J. Lovell, 1868.
Parr, Catharine Parr. Stories of the Canadian Forest; or Little Mary and her nurse Boston: Crosby and Nichols, 185?.
Parr, Catharine Parr. "Forest Flowers." Genesee Farmer 13.9 (Sept. 1852): 288.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Canadian Crusoes: A tale of the Rice Lake plains Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1986.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Cot and Cradle Stories Toronto: W. Briggs, 1895.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Forest and Other Gleanings: The fugitive writings of Catharine Parr Traill Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1994.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Little Downy: The history of a field mouse Embrun, Ontario: Winding Trail Press, 2005.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Pearls and Pebbles, or, Notes of an Old Naturalist Toronto: W. Briggs, 1894.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Sketches From Nature, or Hints to Juvenile Naturalists London, England: Harvey and Darton, 1830.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Studies of Plant Life in Canada, or, Gleanings From Forest, Lake and Plain Ottawa: A.S. Woodburn, 1885.
Traill, Catharine Parr. Symbiosis Carlisle: Brandstead Press, 1984.
Traill, Catharine Parr. The Backwoods of Canada: being letters from the wife of an emigrant officer, illustrative of the domestic economy of British America London, England: C. Knight, 1836.
Traill, Catharine Parr. The Canadian Settler's Guide Vancouver: Alcuin Society, 1971-75.
Traill, Catharine Parr. The Female Emigrant's Guide, and Hints on Canadian Housekeeping Toronto: Maclear, 1854.
Traill, Catharine Parr. The Step-Brothers: A Tale London, England: Harvey and Darton, 1828.
Traill, Catharine Parr. The Young Emigrants: or, Pictures of Canada, calculated to amuse and instruct the minds of youth London: Harvey and Darton, 1826.
Traill, Catharine Parr. "Floral Sketches: No. 1, The Violet." Literary Garland (Feb. 1843): 87-90.
Traill, Catharine Parr. "Floral Sketches: No. 2, The Rose." Literary Garland (Mar. 1843): 129-31.
Traill, Catharine Parr and Agnes Fitzgibbon. Canadian Wildflowers Almonte: Algrove, 2003 (reprint).
Traill, Catharine Parr and Elizabeth Thompson. "Catharine Parr Traill's 'Something Gathers Up The Fragments' [Exerpt from Traill's work, with introduction]." Canadian Poetry 42 (Spring-Summer 1998): 140.
Traill, Catharine Parr, et al. I bless you in my heart: selected correspondence of Catharine Parr Traill Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1996.
Traill, Catharine Parr, et al. With Cheerful Heart: a sampler of the botanical writings of Catharine Parr Traill. Carlisle, Ontario: Brandstead Press, 1983.
Traill, Catherine Parr and Clifford-Ward, Lynne. The Old Doctor: A backwoods sketch Peterborough: Hutchison House Museum, 1985.
Traill, Mrs. "Mrs. Grundy's Gleanings: Canadian Flower Gatherer." Anglo-American Magazine 3 (Jul-Dec. 1853): 219.

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